本期仁醫(yī)醫(yī)療特別邀請(qǐng)到國(guó)際著名脊柱專家Prof. Michael A. Rauschmann做專題訪問(wèn)。Prof. Rauschmann現(xiàn)任Sana集團(tuán)奧芬巴赫醫(yī)院脊柱外科和重建骨科外科主任、法蘭克福大學(xué)教授，他曾擔(dān)任德國(guó)脊柱學(xué)會(huì)（DWG）主席(2015年)，連續(xù)11年獲得FOCUS頂級(jí)醫(yī)師獎(jiǎng)(2012年-2022年)。2022年貴陽(yáng)市第四人民醫(yī)院脊柱外科肖宇醫(yī)生將成為Prof. Rauschmann在中國(guó)的第一個(gè)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)博士（MD）。

Prof. Rauschmann編寫了《Spine Surgery》

△Prof. Rauschmann贈(zèng)與仁醫(yī)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)《Spine Surgery》

他還是Die Orthop?die《骨科》（原：Der Orthop?de）雜志專題發(fā)行負(fù)責(zé)人

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1、您為什么學(xué)醫(yī)，又為什么決定專攻脊柱疾病呢？

Why did you decide to pursue a career in medicine and why, in particular, did you decide to specialize in the spine (or spine surgery)?

我一直都對(duì)大自然感興趣，在學(xué)校我最喜歡的科目是生物。作為一名學(xué)生，我在15歲的時(shí)候去了一家藥店實(shí)習(xí)，藥店的工作對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)于理論化而實(shí)際問(wèn)題較少，后來(lái)我就到了一家治療嚴(yán)重神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的醫(yī)院實(shí)習(xí)，這也促使我下定決心學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)。

不過(guò)由于我的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不夠，我暫時(shí)無(wú)法讀醫(yī)，所以我先去了德國(guó)軍隊(duì)服兵役，一年后我又去了學(xué)習(xí)汽車修理。完成汽車修理培訓(xùn)后，我獲得了去匈牙利布達(dá)佩斯學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。兩個(gè)月后，我得到一個(gè)回德國(guó)法蘭克福學(xué)習(xí)的名額。所以我就回到了法蘭克?！业某錾?，并在此完成了我的學(xué)業(yè)。

我最感興趣的是解剖學(xué)。我和其中一位教授相處友好，他點(diǎn)名讓我學(xué)習(xí)顯微鏡切片制備，后來(lái)他還安排了一個(gè)實(shí)踐解剖學(xué)研究課題讓我準(zhǔn)備論文。這很大程度影響了我學(xué)習(xí)外科專業(yè)的決定。后來(lái)我在德國(guó)的不同醫(yī)院接受實(shí)習(xí)培訓(xùn)，我也去過(guò)奧地利、美國(guó)和南非的醫(yī)院實(shí)習(xí)了六個(gè)月。在這些實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷中，我總是喜歡在骨科手術(shù)室工作。完成醫(yī)學(xué)考試后，我開始了我的第一份工作，在一個(gè)創(chuàng)傷科室當(dāng)醫(yī)生。兩年后，我轉(zhuǎn)到法蘭克福大學(xué)骨科醫(yī)院專攻骨科，我在那里至少呆了23年。

Thank you for the question. I always was interested in nature, in school my favorite subject was biology. So therefore first I did a practical training in a pharmacy as a student at the age of 15 years. This was for me too theoretical with less practical issues, so I did a practical training in a hospital for severe neurological diseases. This gave me the decision to study medicine. Due to my school grade, I was not able to start immediately with the medicine study, so I went at first to the German military and after one year I started an education as a car-mechanic. After finishing this education as a car-mechanic, I had the opportunity to start my medical studies in Budapest in Hungary and 2 month later I got a place in Frankfurt Germany, so I changed my study place and did my whole study in Frankfurt, here where I was born.

My favorite interest was anatomy. So I got a very intensive contact to one of my professors and he chose me to learn microscopic preparation and later he gave me a practical anatomical study to prepare my thesis, which I did. This influenced me very much in the decision to do a surgical subject in medicine. Then I did practical trainings in different hospitals here in Germany, I went to Austria, to the United States and to South Africa for six months. Here I always preferred to work in the orthopedic surgery units. After finishing my exams, I started my first work as a doctor in a trauma unit. Two years later I changed to the orthopedic university hospital in Frankfurt for specialization in orthopedics where I stayed at least 23 years.

2、在您的職業(yè)生涯中，是否有對(duì)您來(lái)說(shuō)很重要的導(dǎo)師？他們教會(huì)您什么，是如何啟發(fā)您的呢？

Who have been you greatest influences? What have they taught you and how have they inspired you?

正如我之前提到的，對(duì)我影響最大的是我遇到的第一位教授，他是教解剖學(xué)的Oelschl?ger教授，他不僅給我安排畢業(yè)論文的研究課題，而且對(duì)我的科研基礎(chǔ)有著深刻影響。

后來(lái)當(dāng)我在法蘭克福大學(xué)骨科醫(yī)院工作時(shí)，我遇到了兩位對(duì)我影響深遠(yuǎn)的教授。一位是Ludwig Zichner教授，他是醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)也是一位骨科醫(yī)生，他影響著我的骨科科研工作，也激發(fā)我探索醫(yī)學(xué)歷史的興趣。對(duì)于我的臨床工作， 不得不提及Erich Schmitt教授，他是一名脊柱外科醫(yī)生也是脊柱外科主任。在他的影響之下，我完成了骨科學(xué)習(xí)后選擇了脊柱外科作為我的專業(yè)。

My greatest influence, as I mentioned before, was my first professor in anatomy, his name was Prof. Oelschl?ger, and he gave me my theme for the thesis and he really had a big influence, concerning the base of my scientific work. Later on, when I went to the orthopedic university hospital I had two professors, the chair of the hospital was Prof. Ludwig Zichner, he was the general orthopedic surgeon and he influenced me due to my scientific orthopedic work and my interest in history of medicine. And concerning my clinical work, Prof. Erich Schmitt, he was the spine surgeon and he was running the spine unit, and he influenced me doing spine surgery as my specialization after finishing the education in orthopedics.

3、作為大學(xué)教授、科室主任、眾多學(xué)會(huì)成員，您是如何平衡行政、臨床、科研工作、教學(xué)以及個(gè)人生活？

As a university professor, chief physician, members of many professional societies, how do you balance the administration, clinical practice, research activities, teaching and personal life?

首先，在我心目中，家庭是排第一位，其次是我的臨床工作，但實(shí)際上，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我的臨床工作以及科研工作占據(jù)了我生活中的大部分時(shí)間。我非常喜歡教學(xué)工作，無(wú)論對(duì)象是學(xué)生還是醫(yī)生，所以我在德國(guó)脊柱學(xué)會(huì)（DWG）非?；钴S。我是DWG學(xué)院的執(zhí)行董事，負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)會(huì)所有證書的教學(xué)課程。

First of all, in my mind, the family is the first choice and secondary of course, my clinical work, but in reality concerning my time, I would say of course the clinic and my clinical work and my scientific work takes most of the time in my life. Teaching students and doctors in education I like very much. Therefore I’m very active in the German Spine Society (DWG). I’m the executive director of the academy of the DWG and responsible for all the educational courses for our certificates.

4、作為眾多醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)的成員，您參加過(guò)許多國(guó)內(nèi)外的學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)，這對(duì)您的職業(yè)生涯有何幫助？

You have been an active member of a number of medical organizations, and have been engaging in many regional and international academic activities, how has this helped to shape your career?

參加各種大會(huì)或研討會(huì)有助于增進(jìn)與脊柱外科領(lǐng)域的意見領(lǐng)袖和重要人物的聯(lián)系，我也得到與他們第一次接觸的機(jī)會(huì)。通過(guò)展示我的成果，我獲得了尊重并被邀請(qǐng)負(fù)責(zé)德國(guó)脊柱學(xué)會(huì)的教學(xué)課程工作。我投入了大量精力，因此在2015年德國(guó)脊柱學(xué)會(huì)董事會(huì)選舉我擔(dān)任主席。這些經(jīng)歷對(duì)我職業(yè)生涯的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。

Going to congresses and workshops helps a lot to get in contact with opinion-leaders and important persons in the field of spine surgery. This helped me a lot to get my first contacts. By showing my results, I got respect and was asked to support these courses in the German Spine Society. I committed myself intensively and so the board of the German Spine Society elected me in 2015 to be the president of the German Spine Society. All this together shaped my career in a very important way.

5、在2017年，您離開法蘭克福到Sana集團(tuán)奧芬巴赫醫(yī)院就職，并在該院擔(dān)任脊柱外科和重建骨科外科主任至今，能否分享一下當(dāng)時(shí)過(guò)渡期間，您遇到最大的挑戰(zhàn)是什么？

In 2017, you moved to the Sana Clinic in Offenbach from Frankfurt, and since then you have been the head of the Department of Spine and Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery there. Could you please share with us what was the biggest challenge you encountered during the time of transition?

在過(guò)渡期間，我遇到了許多挑戰(zhàn)。

首先，我會(huì)擔(dān)心病人會(huì)不會(huì)追隨我。因?yàn)槿绻麤](méi)有病人，醫(yī)生就無(wú)事可做。其次，醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生和教授對(duì)我的態(tài)度是怎么樣的呢？護(hù)士和行政部門是否會(huì)接受我以及如何配合我的工作？第三，我在新的環(huán)境中是否會(huì)感到快樂(lè)？

我認(rèn)為最后一點(diǎn)非常重要，如果你在一個(gè)地方工作不開心，你就無(wú)法發(fā)揮你最大的能力。我真的很高興他們能接受我，接受我的工作方式以及我所做的工作。不久后，我就與醫(yī)院的各個(gè)學(xué)科建立了聯(lián)系。Sana集團(tuán)奧芬巴赫醫(yī)院是一家大型醫(yī)院，擁有上千張床位。這家醫(yī)院的一大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是各個(gè)科室和學(xué)科的工作配合緊密，我也很快適應(yīng)了新環(huán)境。我很榮幸能成為這個(gè)由20多個(gè)學(xué)科組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)中的一員。我們以完美、專業(yè)的工作方式來(lái)共同幫助我們的病人。這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要的事情，我可以按照我喜歡的方式來(lái)完成我的工作。

There were a lot of challenges by doing this transfer. First of all, I was scared if the patients will follow me, because if you do not have patients, you do not have something to work. The second was how will the doctors in the hospital and the professors react to me? How will the nurses and the administration will work with me and accept me in my work? And third, will I be happy in a new environment?

I think the last point is very important, if you are not happy in the place where you work, you cannot give your maximum power. Therefore I was really glad that they accepted me, that they accepted the way how I work and also accepted my work which I do. It took not a long time until I got in contact with all the different disciplines. The Sana Clinic Offenbach is a very big institution with thousand beds. And a big advantage is that all these institutions and disciplines work very close together and that worked out for me also quite fast, so I'm really happy to be a member of this team of more than 20 disciplines in the house and we work in a very perfect way, a very professional way, together to help our patients. So this is for my side, the most important thing, that I can do my work how I like to do it.

6、Sana集團(tuán)奧芬巴赫醫(yī)院大骨科有分科嗎？

Are there any orthopedic sub-specialties in the Sana Clinic Offenbach?

奧芬巴赫醫(yī)院大骨科有不同的亞?？?。我們有一個(gè)髖膝關(guān)節(jié)假體置換中心，還有一個(gè)與整形外科醫(yī)生團(tuán)隊(duì)組成的卓越燒傷中心，它不僅服務(wù)于當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)域。我們還有一個(gè)足踝中心，與兒科合作治療足部和小腿的畸形。我們醫(yī)院的創(chuàng)傷救治工作也非常優(yōu)秀，由于這是一家位于大城市的大型醫(yī)院，我們配有直升機(jī)以及3組創(chuàng)傷急救人員專門接收和運(yùn)送病人。因此我們的創(chuàng)傷中心是非常大型的，每年救治成千上萬(wàn)的病人。

There are different sub-specialization, we have a sub-unit for endoprosthesis of hip and knee and we have a burning unit together with plastic surgeons which is a very exceptional and is not working only for our region. And we have a special unit for foot and ankle and we also work with a pediatric department concerning deformities in the foot and lower leg. And of course the trauma work is very exceptional, because it's a big hospital in a very big area, so we have the helicopter, we have three emergency units who go out and bring the patients in. So it's very big with thousands of patients every year. 

7、您科室每年做多少臺(tái)手術(shù)？

How many surgeries are performed in your department every year?

就目前來(lái)說(shuō)，每年大約有800臺(tái)手術(shù)。但我要補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)，這些手術(shù)大多數(shù)都是大手術(shù)，完成一臺(tái)腫瘤切除術(shù)或手術(shù)處理脊柱椎間盤炎通常耗時(shí)許久，所以外科醫(yī)生不可能在一天內(nèi)完成太多手術(shù)。但現(xiàn)實(shí)是我們每天24小時(shí)都接收很多急診病人，因此我們的手術(shù)量不會(huì)少。而且科室每天會(huì)開放兩間手術(shù)室，一間用于做大型的、耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)的手術(shù)，而另外一間用于做各類小型手術(shù)，如髓核切除術(shù)、減壓術(shù)等。

Nowadays I would say around 800 surgeries. You must take in mind that a majority of these surgeries are always big surgeries, so if you do a tumor surgery or a surgery in spondylodiscitis, that takes typically many hours of the day, you cannot do so much more on one day. But due to the fact that we have also a lot of emergency cases which are running 24/7. This makes the high number and also we are running two OR rooms every day. Here we have one room where we do the big surgeries, the long surgeries, and in the second room, we do more the smaller ones like nucleotomies and decompressions or something like that. 

8、能否分享一下您治療過(guò)的最具挑戰(zhàn)性且最印象深刻的病例？

Could you please share one case that you think is the most challenging and impressive one?

從醫(yī)多年以來(lái)，我遇到過(guò)許多不同且極具挑戰(zhàn)性的病例，當(dāng)中有寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也有失敗的教訓(xùn)。我記得我曾經(jīng)做過(guò)一臺(tái)上胸椎大腫瘤切除手術(shù)，是由潘科斯特腫瘤（Pancoast tumor）引起的。我花了至少12小時(shí)來(lái)操作這臺(tái)手術(shù)，然后胸外科醫(yī)生才把腫瘤連同肺部一起切除，這是一臺(tái)非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的手術(shù)。

還有切除骶骨上的脊索瘤這類手術(shù)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)也是非常有挑戰(zhàn)性的。我們希望在不觸及腫瘤的情況下進(jìn)行廣泛性切除，這就導(dǎo)致手術(shù)耗時(shí)非常長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)骶骨是一個(gè)非常脆弱的部位，進(jìn)行這類手術(shù)對(duì)病人也會(huì)有嚴(yán)重的影響。

當(dāng)然，在我的腦海中，我仍然記得有一個(gè)“死在手術(shù)臺(tái)上”（Mors in Tabula）的病例，是一個(gè)患有嚴(yán)重的多節(jié)段腰椎間盤炎的病人，在手術(shù)最后因心臟病發(fā)作而死亡。當(dāng)時(shí)我承受了很大的壓力，因?yàn)槲也磺宄∪蒜赖脑蚴鞘裁础Ｖ钡阶詈?，?duì)病人進(jìn)行病理調(diào)查后，我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)這不是外科醫(yī)生的過(guò)失，而是由于病人心臟病發(fā)作才導(dǎo)致死亡。這給我留下了深刻的印象，至今我仍會(huì)想起我生命中那黑暗的一天。

During all these years I had different cases in my life which were very challenging for me, on the one hand of course pearls, but also pitfalls, so I remember a big tumor resection in the upper thoracic spine by a so-called Pancoast tumor, so that took at least a surgery time for me of 12 hours and then the thoracic surgeon had to take away the tumor in combination with the lung, so this was a very challenging surgery. 

And also different surgeries on Chordomas in the sacrum where were very challenging for me. It’s a very long surgery where we want to get a wide resection without touching the tumor. This is a very delicate region, also there are severe consequences for the patient. 

And of course in my mind, there is still a so-called “mors in tabula” where a patient with a severe spondylodiscitis in different segments of the lumber spine died in the last part of the surgery due to a heart attack. So this for me was a big stress because I didn't know what was the reason for this sudden death. And only at the very end when the patient was investigated by the pathology, we found out, that this was not the fault of the surgeon and this was a heart attack, but this impressed me very much and I nowadays still think about this very bad day in my life. 

9、法蘭克福市因您在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域享有盛譽(yù)而任命您為該市“大會(huì)大使”，這對(duì)您來(lái)說(shuō)意味著什么？

The city of Frankfurt am Main has appointed you as one of its congress ambassadors because of your reputation in medicine, what does this appointment mean to you?

我很榮幸能成為法蘭克福市的“大會(huì)大使”當(dāng)中的一員。這要?dú)w功于2015年舉辦的德國(guó)脊柱學(xué)會(huì)年會(huì)。這場(chǎng)大型盛會(huì)匯聚了2750名參會(huì)者，這對(duì)于法蘭克福市，特別是對(duì)于會(huì)務(wù)中心及其周圍的酒店和餐館來(lái)說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)大型商業(yè)活動(dòng)。當(dāng)然邀請(qǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)外嘉賓參加這場(chǎng)盛會(huì)，對(duì)我們的城市來(lái)說(shuō)也是一種榮譽(yù)，我也很高興能成為大會(huì)大使中的一員。現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)栽谕苿?dòng)著這些活動(dòng)，我會(huì)組織各類學(xué)術(shù)座談會(huì)和研討會(huì)，邀請(qǐng)來(lái)自世界各地的醫(yī)生參觀我們?cè)卺t(yī)院的工作情況。他們還可以游覽城市，法蘭克福市也因這些嘉賓的到來(lái)而增色添彩。它是一座非常漂亮的城市，人們稱它為美因哈頓（Mainhattan），因?yàn)檫@里的摩天大樓在德國(guó)是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

It was an honor for me, belonging to the group of ambassadors of our city here in Frankfurt, this was due to the congress in 2015. For the city, such a big congress means, that we had 2750 participants at the congress which is a big business for the city of course, especially for the convention center, for the hotels around the convention center, and for the restaurants in the city. And having national and international guests for such a congress, it is also an honor for our city and therefore I'm happy to be one of the ambassadors. And still nowadays, we continue with this program and I do further symposiums and seminars where doctors from all over the world come to visit me and to see me how we work in the hospital. They all get contact with the city and get a walk around with me, and so also Frankfurt has a profit of guest doctors because Frankfurt is a very nice city, you know they call it Mainhattan because of the skyscrapers which is exceptional here in Germany.

10、至今您最自豪的職業(yè)成就是什么，為什么？

What is your proudest career achievement to date and why?

每天都有我成功治療的病人，他們對(duì)我的工作表示非常感謝，這是我最自豪的職業(yè)成就。此外，如之前提及，我擔(dān)任過(guò)德國(guó)脊柱學(xué)會(huì)的主席。我能在德國(guó)乃至國(guó)際著名的脊柱外科醫(yī)生當(dāng)中脫穎而出當(dāng)選主席，對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)極大的榮譽(yù)。當(dāng)然最重要的是我的病人，我工作中最大的成就是，病人術(shù)后能感到開心和滿意。

Everyday the patients which I have successfully treated and who are very thankful to my work, this is the proudest career achievement for me. Furthermore the presidency of the DWG which I mentioned already, because I was elected from a board who are the most important spine surgeons in Germany but also international. This was a very big honor for me. But on the first place, I still see the patients and this is my biggest achievement in my work having happy and satisfied patients after my surgical work.

11、您對(duì)想要開啟他們的脊柱外科生涯的年輕醫(yī)生有什么建議？

What advice would you give to young surgeons hoping to start a career in spine surgery?

第一，我建議他們先在普外科學(xué)起，或者在一家醫(yī)院全面地學(xué)習(xí)普外科、血管外科和創(chuàng)傷外科的知識(shí)。

第二，花時(shí)間認(rèn)真處理每一個(gè)病例，陪伴病人。你要學(xué)習(xí)治療的方法，從診斷、手術(shù)切口的制作、手術(shù)適應(yīng)癥、跟進(jìn)手術(shù)過(guò)程以及手術(shù)成功的原因，還有病人的愈合過(guò)程和長(zhǎng)期療效。還有一點(diǎn)很重要，當(dāng)病人向你尋求進(jìn)一步意見時(shí)，你要清楚能為病人提供什么建議，是做手術(shù)還是采取保守治療等等。

第三，永遠(yuǎn)都要制定一個(gè)B計(jì)劃。你的第一個(gè)治療方案不一定能通過(guò)做手術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)，尤其是在脊柱外科手術(shù)中，所以一定要考慮，如果第一個(gè)治療方案失敗了，下一步該做什么。

第四，永遠(yuǎn)不要違背病人的意愿進(jìn)行治療。如果沒(méi)有獲得病人的信任就不能治療，也不能給他做手術(shù)。治療病人的前提是，病人必須接納你的治療方案，以及信任你作為他的外科醫(yī)生。

第五，觀察的病人癥狀，始終對(duì)你的診斷持保留意見，并且要相信病人。當(dāng)病人說(shuō)：“我對(duì)手術(shù)不滿意，我還有疼痛、麻痹或者癱瘓的癥狀”。認(rèn)真對(duì)待病人說(shuō)的話，當(dāng)作事實(shí)并試著去驗(yàn)證它，通常都能找出原因。病人是從不說(shuō)謊的。而且重要的是，你要清楚即使你堅(jiān)信你所做的手術(shù)是完美的，也可能發(fā)生一些意外，從而導(dǎo)致手術(shù)不成功。

第六，手術(shù)前與病人會(huì)面，這點(diǎn)在病人的康復(fù)過(guò)程中也非常重要。讓病人知道你和他們待一起，照顧著他們。這樣在病人麻醉前的最后一刻，你都可以掌握他們的真實(shí)癥狀。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)病人的癥狀會(huì)改變，有時(shí)右腿的癥狀已經(jīng)沒(méi)有了，而表現(xiàn)在左腿、右臂或者左臂。所以手術(shù)前與病人會(huì)面，獲得病人最新的情況非常重要。

第七，對(duì)病人要誠(chéng)實(shí)。即使你出現(xiàn)了失誤，也要告訴病人發(fā)生了什么，并解釋為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況。病人可能會(huì)同意再做一次翻修手術(shù)。對(duì)病人要誠(chéng)實(shí)，不要對(duì)他們有隱瞞。

以上是我對(duì)年輕外科醫(yī)生的建議。

I would always say they should start in a general surgery unit or in a hospital where they get a broad education in general and vascular surgery but also in trauma surgery. 

Take the time for every case and stay with the patients. That's very important that you learn the way of the treatment starting with the diagnosis, doing the incision making and indication for the surgery, following the surgery and following the success of the surgery, the healing process, but also the longtime results of these patients. That's important to have an idea what you recommend to the patients later on, when you have to give them your opinion what they should do, if they should do a surgery or conservative treatment or whatever.

Try always to have a plan B for a treatment, especially in spine surgery not always your first plan will be realized in the OR, so you have to have an idea what you have to do if your first idea, if your first plan will fail. 

Never do a treatment against the conviction of the patient. If the patient is not convinced, don't treat him, don't do the surgery. Patients have to be convinced of the treatment method which you will do and they have to be convinced of you as the surgeon. 

Be always critical to the prescriptions from symptoms to the patients and believe them, so when a patient says, “I'm not happy with the surgery, I still have pain or I have numbness or I have a paralysis”. Take that as a truth and try to proof it, very often you will find a reason. And patients never lie, that's important to know that even if you are convinced that your surgery which you have done was perfect, even then, something can happen and can lead to an unsuccessful problem.

Try always to see a patient before doing a surgery. That's very important, also for the healing process after patients, that they know you're with them, you take care of them and you have in the very last step before the patients get the narcosis, you have another idea of their real symptoms, sometimes they change, sometimes it's not anymore on the right leg, it's now on the left leg or on the right arm, on the left arm, so it's important to see the patients just before the surgery to get all these new information about them. 

At the end of the day, be honest to the patients. Even if you make a mistake, tell the patients what happened and explain them why that happened and then they still go with you also this hard way of revision surgery if this is possible, but be honest to them and don't lie to the patients.

These are my advice for young surgeons. 

12、能和我們說(shuō)說(shuō)脊柱外科手術(shù)未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)？

What’s the future trends of spine surgery?

脊柱外科手術(shù)的發(fā)展前景十分光明。因?yàn)榧怪中g(shù)與髖膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)相比，前者還有許多待發(fā)掘的空間。我相信未來(lái)幾年機(jī)器人導(dǎo)航和新的手術(shù)技術(shù)會(huì)如春筍般涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)，未來(lái)的脊柱外科手術(shù)會(huì)更加蓬勃發(fā)展。所以我堅(jiān)信脊柱外科手術(shù)在外科領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展道路會(huì)變得更加廣闊，導(dǎo)航和機(jī)器人技術(shù)也會(huì)讓這類手術(shù)技術(shù)變得更加精確。

外科醫(yī)生的手感永遠(yuǎn)是重要的，手術(shù)的成功不能僅依靠機(jī)器人和導(dǎo)航裝置。手感、治療計(jì)劃的制定以及正確的手術(shù)指征判斷都是需要外科醫(yī)生來(lái)決定，而不是由計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)決定。因此我們必須記住醫(yī)生的手術(shù)技能和手感才是脊柱外科手術(shù)獲得成功最關(guān)鍵、最重要的因素。當(dāng)然所有的這些技術(shù)裝置是能輔助外科醫(yī)生、提高手術(shù)成功率，還有提高手術(shù)精確度，可能也會(huì)增加或縮短未來(lái)的手術(shù)時(shí)間。

There will be a great future concerning spine surgery because if you compare spine surgery with endoprosthesis in hips and knees, we are far away from the discovery, so I think navigation robotics and new surgical techniques will come over during the next years and they will increase even more in the field of spine surgery in comparison to today. So I'm very convinced that spine surgery will get bigger in the field of the surgical disciplines and also the techniques will get more precise concerning navigation and robotics. But still the feeling of the surgeon will always be important, a robot and a navigation unit cannot be only responsible for the success of the surgery, still the fingers, and the therapeutic plan which is done by the surgeon itself, making the right indication is still in the hand of the surgeon and not in the hand of a computer. So this is what we still have to take in mind that our handwork and our feeling in doing such a surgery is still the biggest, important thing to have success. But all these technical things, they will support us and they will increase our success and will increase our precision doing it and probably it will also increase or shorten the time of surgery in the future.

13、假如您不從醫(yī)的話，您會(huì)從事什么行業(yè)？

What would you have been if you had not been a medical doctor?

如果我沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，我不知道我的未來(lái)會(huì)如何，但正如我在采訪初始時(shí)提到的，我的家人是從事技術(shù)勞動(dòng)工作的。我父親有一家汽車噴漆公司，我曾經(jīng)也學(xué)過(guò)汽車修理，所以假如我沒(méi)有學(xué)醫(yī)，我可能會(huì)接管我父親的生意，繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)他的汽車噴漆公司，這可能就是所謂的B計(jì)劃。但其實(shí)我不想學(xué)習(xí)其他東西，我只對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)感興趣。

I don't know exactly what will have happened, if I would not have got the opportunity to study medicine, but as I mentioned at the very beginning of our interview, you know, I'm coming out of a family of hand workers. My father has had a car painting company and I was educated as a car mechanic, so probably I would have taken over his business and would have continued with the car company, that would have been probably the so-called plan B if I would not have had the chance to study medicine. I didn't want to study anything else, I only was interested in medicine as a study.

14、除了學(xué)醫(yī)外，您還有什么興趣愛好？

What are your interests and hobbies outside medicine?

我喜愛大自然，所以我的愛好都與大自然有關(guān)。我喜歡養(yǎng)蜂、打獵，也喜歡劃著獨(dú)木舟或乘坐摩托艇在水上航行。每個(gè)暑假我們都會(huì)去海邊乘船游覽，這是讓我非常享受的愛好。我還喜歡騎自行車，喜歡待在我的花園里觀賞花卉植物。每年我都會(huì)購(gòu)買一些新植物，增添我花園里的植物，看著它們?nèi)绾紊L(zhǎng)開花。

I love the nature, therefore all my hobbies have something to do with nature. I'm a beekeeper, I like to go hunting, but I also like to go on the water either with my wooden canoe or with my motorboat. In every summer holidays, we go to the sea with our boat and do day cruises, so this is what I like very much. Also I like cycling and I like to go in my garden and look to the plants, and buy new plants every year to increase the number of plants in my garden and see how they grow and how they flower.